Rave Radio Gloucester

This storey will be posted in parts

Part 1 is the title page with the
beginning

The second part will be posted next
week and so on as this story grows it involves and changes so keep an eye on
it, it may not be the same as it was last week

The contend of this story is partly fictional
and partly fact, any person named or names of places used in this story is
purely coincidental

Domestic Disaster

My Name is John Miles I work for the council Health department; I am called in when a
landlord has a problem with Dog Fouling, Hording, Fly Tipping and any internal or
external health problems.  We investigate
after there have been several reports from the landlord and tenants and my team
tires to come up with a solution.

 

The first step is to contact the landlord and see if we can get the problem solved or
cleared up by the simple expedient of placing more wheelie bins in the area,
but in this case wheelie bins are useless. We then have meetings with the
landlord and interested tenants if this is appropriate.

 

I picked up the phone on my desk and rang the landlord as I dialled the number I continued
to read some of the reports, there seemed to a lot of very annoyed people
around this estate. In the middle of my study a voice started to talk to me this
is Parliament Housing Association, please dial 1 for repairs, dial 2 for
Antisocial behaviour and 3 for anything ells, I pressed three and another voice
spoke to me your housing team is occupied with other tasks right now if you
hold we will get to as soon a possible.

 

I waited a couple of minutes while some music plays, then this cheery voice suddenly came
through my phone, Hello my name is Wendy and this is Parliament Housing
Association how may I help you today.

 

John) Hello Wendy this is John Miles from Dudford Council Health Department could I speak
to Jane Warrington please.

 

Wendy) could I ask what it is about please?

 

John) it is about 4 Dover House, she will know what is about thank you.

 

Wendy) I will see if she is in the office Mr Miles if you could wait a minute?

John) As I listened to some more strange music, then all of a sudden a female voice
started to talk to me hello John, this is Jane what can I do for you today.

 

John) I have read all the reports on 4 Dover House and I was thinking it time we had a look
at this property but first I would like a meeting with your team?

 

Jane) we do seem to have a problem with these tenants, I and my team have tried to support
them, but they do not want to listen to us.

 

John) Have you interviewed all the interested parties?

 

Jane) Yes we have interviewed all the tenants in the area, most of the suggestion were not
helpful but some of them did suggest that Adult Social Services or Occupational
Therapy to get them some help, some of them where quite caring which surprised
me and some where so hostile that all they want to do was to tip both of them
in a wheelie bin and compact them.

Our Antisocial Behaviour team has explained to these people that any action that
causes a breach in the antisocial behaviour part of the contract of tenancy
would cost them their flat even if they didn’t cause the problem in the first
place. We do take vigilantly action seriously; any person who is thinking of
taking any part in any such action would lose the tenancy.  We have invited the police to this meeting
and a representative of Social Services as well; there has been a breach of the
peace, that why we want the Police’s input on this matter, the back bed room window
has been smashed and the tenant’s terrified as a group of people stud outside
their property and scream obscenities at them.

 

John) has the back window been replace?

 

Jane) no our repair team will not enter the flat until it has been clean up, I tried
bullying tactics but all the repairs manager said was, until that dung heap is
cleaned up my repair team will not go anywhere near that place, all they have
done is to cover the broken window with some board to keep the weather out, the
windows are of an old design and they would have to enter the flat to remove them.
If we had modern windows in we could take them out from the outside and not
enter the flat. The emersion heater has just burnt out and there is a leak in
the boiler and water is flooding into the bed room from a pipe that is in a
culvert in the floor of the hall, and the description of the state of the hall
is in all we have sent to you and this is adding to the general stench.

 

John) Ok can you do me a favour and ring the R.S.P.C.A and see what they can do about this
situation, Can we arrange a meeting in your office say next week and we will go
over the details for the visit.

 

Jane) I can fit you in on say the 15^th in the morning is this ok with you?

 

John) Yes I will make sure I am there and thank you Jane see you on the 15^th.

 

John put the phone down and stud up from his desk and place all the paper work back into its
folder and replaced it in the filing cabinet.

 

The Meeting

John is driving through the streets of Dudford, he pulls into the car park of
Parliament Housing Association and parks his car, he takes a few minutes to
compose himself, leans over to the passenger seat and take hold of his brief
case and removes a folder titled 4 Dover House from it. He then gets out of his
car and enters the building and goes to the reception area.

 

The Receptionist) Good morning sir how may I help you

John) I have a meeting with Jane Warrington my name is John
Miles Department of Health

The Receptionist) I will get hold of Jane straight away,
could you take a seat in the waiting area please.

 

John went over to some comfortable seats and sat down, his
eyes were drawn to the large T.V screen on the wall and witch was showing a
picture of a housing development with pretty gardens and perfectly parked cars
and the next picture was of an elderly woman with brown hair and slightly
unkempt appearance sat with a group of her smiling neighbours and the write up
next to it tells how she had help her elderly neighbours with food, and
cleaning their houses and doing the shopping when they where ill, and how pleased
her neighbours where that she had received an award for her work.

 

She has stated that she did it because it was needed to be
done and she was happy to receive this award but I am here to help not receive
rewards.

 

The next picture was of a group of laughing people in white
overalls with litter picker’s in one hand and a black rubbish bags in the other
all in different poses, the title for this one was Clean up Day and the write
up tells how a group of volunteers had gone in to a local block of flats communal
gardens and removed all the litter and fly tipped rubbish and a picture below
was showing another group in white coveralls from head to feet with safety
goggles and masks on picking up dog faeces with small bags and placing it in
the bin provided for this purpose.

 

As he was sitting watching the T.V. a short stocky Police Sergeant
approached him and sat down next to him.

 

There was some movement to his right and a woman of about
twenty odd moves towards him she extends her right hand and says please to meet
you John, Jane Warrington and shuck his hand with a firm grip, John Miles how
do you do, Hello Sergeant nice to see you she shook his hand as well, would you
come this way please, I have a badges ready for, the both of you,  they took what was offered and pined it on, it
stated that they were visitors to Parliament Housing Association and there names
on it.

They passed though an open planned office as they walk
through, Jane was talking to them

 

Jane) we are in conference room 2 today and I have arranged
some refreshments for us and I have asked antisocial behaviour and Repairs to
attend to get their take on this matter?

 

John) Thanks they could be very helpful?

They both entered a room with a large table in the middle and
lots of chairs around it at one end was a two people and on a side table was
tea making facilities with sandwiches and some biscuits on a plate.

A man stood up and offered his hand, he shook both of there
hands, and says George Johnson antisocial behaviour, nice to meet you, this is
one of my colleges who will be taking short hand Susanne Grace she offered her
hand to both of them and they shook it. Next to the kettle was a man in a tea
shirt and jeans, he moves towards both of them and shakes there hands and says
Jerry Watson Repairs

 

Jane) we seem to have a delay the R.S.P.C.A representative
has not arrived yet, and O.T sent their apologies they could not attend, Social
Services said they would try and get here but could not promise, it obvious
that they are to busy, would any one like tea or coffee,

 

John) I’ll have tea please and one of those nice sandwiches
with a couple of biscuits.

 

George) I’ll have coffee please.

 

Susanne) I’ll have tea please.

 

They all settled down with their beverages as they did so a
tall man in an R.S.P.C.A uniform walks into the room in a confident manner
accompanied by one of the staff, my name is Gary Trent R.S.P.C.A he shook
everyone’s hand got a cup of tea and sat down.

 

Jane) now we are all hear we can start this meeting, we are
particularly grateful to the police for sending Sergeant Smith from the
antisocial behaviour unit who is attached to the a county wide unit.  The property in question is 4 Dover House; we
have visited this property and found it in a filthy condition it was so vile
that the smell from the property is coming out into the street. The occupants
are living in their own filth and their animals; they don’t seem to have an
idea that by doing so they could be classed as antisocial behaviour it is
offensive to all around them.

We granted them a tenancy after considering Mrs Blackley’s
C.H.D problem her mental state and this included all the health problems of
both of them,  the situation they where
living in at the time. This was not a great situation as they where living in a
one room of a grubby hotel, which was just about, fit for human habitation and
Mrs Blackley can walk and she does generally struggle with stairs and all the
bathroom and toilets where up a couple of flies of stairs, O.T at the time
aloud them a commode and mobile washing facilities. We also interviewed Mr
Blackley senior at his home and he did say that, he would advise us to let them
have their dogs until they past on and then no other animals as he did state
that they could hardly look after themselves and any animals in any property
they have could cause a problem and has caused problems in the past, Mr
Blackley senior has stated that most of their problems are of their own making,
because they cannot see or understand what they are doing to people around them
and that includes their own family.

The reason we have stated that they could be guilty of
antisocial behaviour order is quite complicated and these are the reasons, the
general look of the property, it looks like a shabby shack from the outside,
this in itself does not give us reason to clap an antisocial behaviour order on
them but together with the amount of animals in the property and the filth
state and the lack of motivation from the occupants to clean their act up does
because it is very offensive to all around them and is the cause large part of
the antisocial behaviour in the area, not to say we have had no antisocial
behaviour problems in this area because we have.

George) We interviewed all the tenants who put in complaints
to all the different organisations, and talked to Mr Tyrone Blackley about the
situation and he seemed to be quite receptive and said he was cleaning the flat
up but this has not occurred so we went back and explained to both of them that
by not cleaning up they have become a health risk to themselves and all around
them. When we told them that we were seeking a possession order from the courts
they seemed to buck there idea up and clean a little bit.

 

Jane) Thank you George we will come back to that in a moment
and I will explain the layout of the flat and where they keep their animals. When
you go through the front door you go from the street strait into the lounge
there is no separate reception area in the hall way, the kitchen is attached to
the lounge which has it’s own wall for reasons of fire safety at the back of
the property there is a single bedroom and next to this is bathroom and toilet
facility through a small hallway from the lounge, this is where they keep their
dogs and the dogs are on chains and these are ripping of the plaster board from
the corners of the walls.

The cats are running all over the property and the dogs are
fouling in the small hallway, the bedroom is not used because they have to walk
through the dog mess and the cats use this as their toilet.

The kitchen is covered in mouldy crockery and rotting food and
dirty laundry the floor is covered in a layer of grease and discarded rubbish,
the stench from this is vented outside by the kitchen ventilator to the
communal garden as well the stench of the animal faeces and urine.

Now I have outlined the problem we can go back to the ladies
health matter.

 

George) as I have had more to do with the Blackley’s than
anyone here as I was their housing officer before moving to antisocial
behaviour and I have done some investigation on his and her health problems, I
think I should give an evaluation of their general health and well being and
what we have done so far.

We will start with Mrs Blackley she has a very serious C.H.D
problem and at the age of eight she had her archeries reworked in the hart as
she never developed them as a baby and the general lack of blood to the brain
is the cause of her autistic behaviour, she has mobility problems but not so
great that she cannot walk, she choices to have a wheel chair but this is a
life style choice not a necessary as she has limited mobility and doctors have
advised her she should do small amounts of exercise, the Blackley’s have asked
us to put in a ramp to their property and we refused on these grounds as the
coast would be prohibitive her general wellbeing would suffer, so we never put
the ramp in. Mrs Blackley can get in and out of a bath with the help of her
husband, her choices not to, there is no reason not to clean herself, she could
help in cleaning the flat as sort of exercise and this would help her condition
and general breathlessness, as movement would help in the atrophied mussels
from sitting in the wheelchair and give her movement around the household, she
says she  has problems bending over and
touching her toes, this is because she has gain an inaudible amount of weight
from her lack of movement, she has problems with her nails on her hands and
feet she says it is cerise’s and the nails hurt her but she does nothing about
them. She has given us wild claims about her health but could not substantiate
any of the claims. She is very demanding and seems to use Mr Blackley like some
sort of slave to do her bidding

Now we come to Mr Blackley he is self absorbed and can only
do one thing at a time he seems to be so mono tasking that thing get on top of
him quickly and, his life is caring for Mrs Blackly and this is prim concern,
any thing ells seems to just does not get done, his only realise is his
computer, if he is not doing what Mrs Blackly wants he is stuck on his computer
so the cleaning and the dog walking never gets done, and having so many animals
in the flat is not helping and having only one cat box for all those cats is
not a help ether. That is why we have called in R.S.P.C.A to see if we as an
organisation have missed anything and we need to tighten our pet policies and I
know we could do with some sort of help ourselves.

 

John) how many animals have they got?

 

George) they have two dogs and
several cats, we don’t know the exact numbers but it is more then five.

 

Gary) we do have a problem with the
animals because you stated that they could have them and you let them get more
without some sort of control, the only reason we can take those animals is if
they are being cruelly treated. We would prosecute under normal circumstances
but as you have said that she has some sort of dysfunction from her C.H.D and
under these circumstances we would try and remove the animals and re-home them.

John) now you have involved me in
this I have to check all the health issues and that includes their mental
state, because if they have some sort of Bi-polar disorder or dysfunction then
we must do what we can for them, if we don’t then we leaving ourselves open to
criticism, we know Mrs Blackley has C.H.D but what we don’t know is how it is
affecting her and the way she uses information, if she is incapable of seeing
what the animals needs are or how these animals function with in the flats structure
then we cannot prosecute her but we don’t know about Mr Tyrone Blackley, he may
have problems himself and then this does complicate matters if they cannot
understand what the animals need are then I wouldn’t call that cruelty even if
we see it as cruelty, we cannot prosecute them because it is done
unintentionally and then we must get those animals out of there and re-homed. Jane
have you met the Blakeley’s?

 

Jane) yes I have been to this flat on
several occasion and as time has gone by the flat just degraded and our work
crews would not attend because they say it unhealthy, so our responsibilities
to the Blackley’s and the property has become very complicated, we have had The
Citizen Advice asking us why we have not done any repairs in the flat and we
have explained that the occupant will not clean the flat and we cannot send in
work crews while the flat is in such a dirty condition.

Sergeant Smith) I do understand right
that what you are saying you blame the Blackley’s for the burst of antisocial
behaviour in their area, but in fact it is overwrote and dangerous vigilantes
that are causing the problems not the Blackley’s, I have been to this block of
flats and I have interviewed Mr & Mrs Blackley and they seem to be upset by
what is going on and the damage that has been caused to the flat but most I
have seen is people that actually don’t belong in the area and  have appeared to cause trouble, there seems
to be a group of them that live across town and we have had a couple of them in
the station to discuss their behaviour. Now we have to solve the problem of
what we as the police can do, we are not social services so all we can do is
prosecute those that break the law and protect the victims, but we will take what
steps are necessary to find the link between the outsider’s and the people
involved in the area, and when we do we want you as an organization to put this
right, I personally think the quicker you get the Blackley’s help the quicker
we can solve this problem, we as police force will deal with anyone who thinks
it funny to terrorise vunrable people, we will arrest all who break the law
that includes the Blackley’s if they do.

 

Jane) Thank you Sergeant Smith for
that information, now Jerry how long would it take to repair the flat?

 

Jerry) The flat is in such a
discussing state that the last time one of our work crew went inside the
property they went home and had a bath before coming back to work, they took
their boots of before getting into their van and wrapping them in plastic,
before getting in the van themselves, this place is so filthy that we had to
call a holt to any repairs to it, I cannot with conscience let any of my men in
there.

Jane) The fist thing we in this
meeting must do is interview Mr & Mrs Blackley separately and that is
animal welfare, antisocial behaviour, health, I will accompany you on your
visits and get a better perspective on how we can proceed I will just listen to
what you have to say and their answers to any of the questions asked them. Now
jerry if we do a deep clean on this flat and once complete how long it would
take to sort out all the problems.

 

Jerry) With no delays and if all the
working areas are clean then two to three weeks and that includes plastering
the damaged walls as well.

Our primary thought must be to get
this situation sorted and to cause as little distress to the animals and the
occupant of the flat.

It is now the 15^th we
could get letters out today and inform the Blackley’s of our intended visits
across the next three days and I will put in the letters that they must be
there so as we can carry out these interviews or they will suffer the consequences
and we will then seek a possession order and they will be evicted from the
property. John do you think you can carry out this visit in the next two days.

 

John) I will make sure I am there and
I will try and get O.T to come along to asses their needs.

 

Jane) what about you Gary can you
make it in three days we will not tell them that you are coming because you
have the right to cold call.

 

Gary) I will be there and if any
overcrowding is causing these animals any distress or harm it is the policy of
the R.S.P.C.A to prosecute and remove any distressed animals we find.

Jane) thank you all for being here
and attending this meeting and I will get a report out to each of you. This
case has created quite a bit of emotion not only from our side but the tenants
as well, so I hope we can sort this out as quickly as possible and thanks
again.

 

Is it a human perspective or does it really exists, we see time as a line running from here to there at increments of one second, then it is multiplied by 60 to make one minute and then multiplied again by 60 to make one hour, then we have 24 hours to make a day, multiply this again by 365.25 to make a year, and there is a bigger unit in time witch is a light year, that is how far light travels in one year and that is 300,000 Kilometres Per Second and the K.P.Y is Kilometers a Year and this is massive and this is how far you can trav;le in a light year 9467280000000 km in one year.

We have also invented longitude and latitude to express time and the degrees of the earth now latitude is seconds and minutes and degrees north to south, longitude is seconds and minutes and degrees east to west and the zero meridian longitude runs wright through a small village outside London which is Greenwich and in the 1700′s it was agreed that this would be the place from which earth time would start and that is how we get G.M.T and we can go minus or plus to the Greenwich meridian and we get world time and most countries run on G.M.T, This was a small village at the time of Sir Isac Newton.

For every 15° that one travels eastward, the local time moves one hour ahead. Similarly, travelling West, the local time moves back one hour for every 15° of longitude.

Therefore, if we know the local times at two points on Earth, we can use the difference between them to calculate how far apart those places are in longitude, east or west.

This idea was very important to sailors and navigators in the 17th century. They could measure the local time, wherever they were by observing the Sun, but navigation required that they also know the time at some reference point, e.g. Greenwich, in order to calculate their longitude. Although accurate pendulum clocks existed in the 17th century, the motions of a ship and changes in humidity and temperature would prevent such a clock from keeping accurate time at sea.

King Charles II founded the Royal Observatory in 1675 to solve the problem of finding longitude at sea. If an accurate catalogue of the positions of the stars could be made, and the position of the Moon then measured accurately relative to the stars, the Moon’s motion could be used as a natural clock to calculate Greenwich Time. Sailors at sea could measure the Moon’s position relative to bright stars and use tables of the Moon’s position, compiled at the Royal Observatory, to calculate the time at Greenwich. This means of finding Longitude was known as the ‘Lunar Distance Method’.

In 1714, the British Government offered, by Act of Parliament, £20,000 for a solution which could provide longitude to within half-a-degree (2 minutes of time). The methods would be tested on a ship, sailing

 

A body known as the Board of Longitude was set up to administer and judge the longitude prize. They received more than a few weird and wonderful suggestions. Like squaring the circle or inventing a perpetual motion machine, the phrase ‘finding the longitude’ became a sort of catchphrase for the pursuits of fools and lunatics. Many people believed that the problem simply could not be solved.

John Harrison (1693-1776)

John Harrison, Inventor of the Compound Pendulum & of several Time Keepers by Thomas King (artist) and P. L. Tassaert (engraver), 1768 The longitude problem was eventually solved by a working class joiner from Lincolnshire with little formal education. John Harrison took on the scientific and academic establishment of his time and won the longitude prize through extraordinary mechanical insight, talent and determination.

Harrison was born in Foulby, near Wakefield, in Yorkshire in 1693 but his family moved to Barrow, in Lincolnshire, when he was quite young. His father was a carpenter and John followed in the family trade. He built his first longcase clock in 1713, at the age of 20. The mechanism was made entirely from wood, which was not a curious choice of material for a joiner. Three of Harrison’s early wooden clocks have survived; the first (1713) is in London, at the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers’ Collection in Guildhall;. the second (1715), is in the Science Museum; the third (1717) is at Nostell Priory in Yorkshire.

He married his first wife, Elizabeth, in 1718. She died just eight years later and he remarried within six months, to another Elizabeth.

During the latter part of his early career, he worked with his younger brother James. Their first major project was a revolutionary turret clock for the stables at Brocklesby Park, seat of the Pelham family. The clock was revolutionary because it required no lubrication. 18th century clock oils were uniformly poor and one of the major causes of failure in clocks of the period. Rather than concentrating on improvements to the oil, Harrison designed a clock which didn’t need it. It was radical thinking of this sort that would be important later on, when he tackled the problem of designing a marine timekeeper.

During the mid-1720s, John and James designed a series of remarkable precision longcase clocks, to see how far they could push the capabilities of the design. By inventing a pendulum rod made of alternate wires of brass and steel, Harrison eliminated the problem of the pendulum’s effective length increasing in warmer weather, slowing the clock. As a result, Harrison’s regulators from this period achieved an accuracy of one second in a month, a performance far exceeding the best London clocks of the day.

To solve the longitude problem, Harrison would have to devise a portable clock which kept time to the same accuracy as these precision regulators…

H1 (1730-1735)

Harrison’s Marine Timekeeper number 1 – H1 Constructed between 1730 and 1735, H1 is essentially a portable version of Harrison’s precision wooden clocks. It is spring-driven and only runs for one day (the wooden clocks run for eight days). The moving parts are controlled and counterbalanced by springs so that, unlike a pendulum clock, H1 is independent of the direction of gravity.

The animation (© NMM) illustrates how the linked balance mechanism works. It ensures that any change in motion which affects one of the balances is compensated for by the same effect on the other balance.

H1 was brought to London in 1735 and displayed to the scientific community. Harrison was beseiged by requests from both scientists and socialites to see the timekeeper.

In 1736, Harrison and his timekeeper travelled to Lisbon aboard the ship Centurion to test the clock, and returned on the Orford. H1 performed well in the trial, keeping time accurately enough for Harrison to correct a misreading of the Orford’s longitude on the return voyage. However, Harrison did not ask for a second trial but, instead, requested financial assistance from the Board of Longitude to make a second marine timekeeper.

H2 & H3 (1737-1759)

Harrison’s Marine Timekeeper number 2 (H2) Larger and heavier than H1, H2 is of fundamentally the same design as H1. Harrison began work on H2 in 1737 but in 1740 realised its design was wrong. The bar balances did not always counter the motion of a ship, a deficiency that could be corrected if the balances were circular.

Harrison requested more money from the Board to work on a third timekeeper.

Harrison worked on his third timekeeper from 1740 to 1759. After 19 years of labour, it failed to reach the accuracy required by the Board of Longitude.

Harrison’s Marine Timekeeper number 3 (H3) H3 incorporated two inventions of Harrison’s -

• a bimetallic strip, to compensate the balance spring for the effects of changes in temperature
• a caged roller bearing, the ultimate version of his anti-friction devices.

Both of these inventions are used in a variety of machines nowadays.

Despite these innovations, work on H3 seemed to lead nowhere and its ultimate role was to convince Harrison that the solution to the longitude problem lay in an entirely different design.

H4 (1755-1759)

Harrison’s marine timekeeper number 4 (H4)In 1753, Harrison commissioned London watchmaker John Jefferys to make him a watch following Harrison’s own designs. The watch was intended for Harrison’s own personal use – to help with his astronomical observing and clock testing. No one in the 1750s thought of the pocket watch as a serious timekeeper. However, Harrison discovered with his new watch that if certain improvements were made, it had the potential to be an excellent timekeeper.

In 1755, as well as asking for continued support for the construction of H3, he asked the Board of Longitude for support

… to make two watches, one of such size as may be worn in the pocket & the other bigger… having good reason to think from the performance of one already executed… that such small machines may be render’d capable of being of great service with respect to the Longitude at Sea…

H4 is completely different from the other three timekeepers. Just 13 cm in diameter and weighing 1.45 kg, it looks like a very large pocket watch. Harrison’s son William set sail for the West Indies, with H4, aboard the ship Deptford on 18 November 1761. They arrived in Jamaica on 19 January 1762, where the watch was found to be only 5.1 seconds slow! It was a remarkable achievement but it would be some time before the Board of Longitude was sufficiently satisfied to award Harrison the prize.

A second trial of H4 was arranged and William departed for Barbados aboard the Tartar on 28 March 1764. As with the first trial, William used H4 to predict the ship’s arrival at Madeira with extraordinary accuracy. The watch’s error was computed to be 39.2 seconds over a voyage of 47 days, three times better than required to win

This piece of information was taken from the Grennwich web site thanks

 

Latitude

 

 

The clock has become so acurate that it loses one second in a billion years at zero gravity

The idea of using atomic transitions to measure time was first suggested by Lord Kelvin in 1879.^[3] Magnetic resonance, developed in the 1930s by Isidor Rabi, became the practical method for doing this.^[4] In 1945, Rabi first publicly suggested that atomic beam magnetic resonance might be used as the basis of a clock.^[5] The first atomic clock was an ammonia maser device built in 1949 at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS, now NIST). It was less accurate than existing quartz clocks, but served to demonstrate the concept.^[6] The first accurate atomic clock, a caesium standard based on a certain transition of the caesium-133 atom, was built by Louis Essen in 1955 at the National Physical Laboratory in the UK.^[7] Calibration of the caesium standard atomic clock was carried out by the use of the astronomical time scale ephemeris time (ET).^[8] This led to the internationally agreed definition of the latest SI second being based on atomic time. Equality of the ET second with the (atomic clock) SI second has been verified to within 1 part in 10¹⁰.^[9] The SI second thus inherits the effect of decisions by the original designers of the ephemeris time scale, determining the length of the ET second.

Since the beginning of development in the 1950s, atomic clocks have been based on the hyperfine (microwave) transitions in hydrogen-1, caesium-133, and rubidium-87. The first commercial atomic clock was the Atomichron, manufactured by the National Company. More than 50 were sold between 1956 and 1960. This bulky and expensive instrument was subsequently replaced by much smaller rack-mountable devices, such as the Hewlett-Packard model 5060 caesium frequency standard, released in 1964.^[4]

In the late 1990s four factors contributed to major advances in clocks:^[11]

• Laser cooling and trapping of atoms
• So-called high-finesse Fabry–Pérot cavities for narrow laser line widths
• Precision laser spectroscopy
• Convenient counting of optical frequencies using optical combs.

In August 2004, NIST scientists demonstrated a chip-scaled atomic clock.^[12] According to the researchers, the clock was believed to be one-hundredth the size of any other. It was also claimed that it requires just 75 mW, making it suitable for battery-driven applications. This device could conceivably become a consumer product.

[edit] Mechanism

Since 1967, the International System of Units (SI) has defined the second as the duration of 9192631770cycles of radiation corresponding to the transition between two energy levels of the caesium-133 atom.^[13]

This definition makes the caesium oscillator the primary standard for time and frequency measurements, called the caesium standard. Other physical quantities, e.g., the volt and the metre, rely on the definition of the second in their own definitions.^[14]

The actual time-reference of an atomic clock consists of an electronic oscillator operating at microwave frequency. The oscillator is arranged so that its frequency-determining components include an element that can be controlled by a feedback signal. The feedback signal keeps the oscillator tuned in resonance with the frequency of the electronic transition of caesium or rubidium.

The core of the atomic clock is a tunable microwave cavity containing the gas. In a hydrogen maser clock the gas emits microwaves (the gas mases) on a hyperfine transition, the field in the cavity oscillates, and the cavity is tuned for maximum microwave amplitude. Alternatively, in a caesium or rubidium clock, the beam or gas absorbs microwaves and the cavity contains an electronic amplifier to make it oscillate. For both types the atoms in the gas are prepared in one electronic state prior to filling them into the cavity. For the second type the number of atoms which change electronic state is detected and the cavity is tuned for a maximum of detected state changes.

Most of the complexity of the clock lies in this adjustment process. The adjustment tries to correct for unwanted side-effects, such as frequencies from other electron transitions, temperature changes, and the spreading in frequencies caused by ensemble effects. One way of doing this is to sweep the microwave oscillator’s frequency across a narrow range to generate a modulated signal at the detector. The detector’s signal can then be demodulated to apply feedback to control long-term drift in the radio frequency. In this way, the quantum-mechanical properties of the atomic transition frequency of the caesium can be used to tune the microwave oscillator to the same frequency, except for a small amount of experimental error. When a clock is first turned on, it takes a while for the oscillator to stabilize. In practice, the feedback and monitoring mechanism is much more complex than described above.

A number of other atomic clock schemes are in use for other purposes. Rubidium standard clocks are prized for their low cost, small size (commercial standards are as small as 400 cm³) and short-term stability. They are used in many commercial, portable and aerospace applications. Hydrogen masers (often manufactured in Russia) have superior short-term stability compared to other standards, but lower long-term accuracy.

Often, one standard is used to fix another. For example, some commercial applications use a rubidium standard periodically corrected by a global positioning system receiver. This achieves excellent short-term accuracy, with long-term accuracy equal to (and traceable to) the U.S. national time standards.

The lifetime of a standard is an important practical issue. Modern rubidium standard tubes last more than ten years, and can cost as little as US$50.^{[citation needed]} Caesium reference tubes suitable for national standards currently last about seven years and cost about US$35,000. The long-term stability of hydrogen maser standards decreases because of changes in the cavity’s properties over time.

Modern clocks use magneto-optical traps to cool the atoms for improved precision.

[edit] Physics package realizations

There exists a number of methods of utilizing the hyperfine splitting. These methods have their benefits and draw-backs and have influenced the development of commercial devices and laboratory standards. By tradition the hardware which is used to probe the atoms is called the physics package.

[edit] Atomic beam standard

The atomic beam standard is a direct extension of the Stern-Gerlach atomic splitting experiment. The atoms of choice are heated in an oven to create gas, which is collimated into a beam. This beam passes through a state-selector magnet A, where atoms of the wrong state are separated out from the beam. The beam is exposed to an RF field at or near the transition. The beam then passes through a space before it is again exposed to the RF field. The RF field and a static homogeneous magnetic field from the C-field coil will change the state of the atoms. After the second RF field exposure the atomic beam passes through a second state selector magnet B, where the atom state being selected out of the beam at the A magnet is being selected. This way, the detected amount of atoms will relate to the ability to match the atomic transition. After the second state-selector a mass-spectrometer using an ionizer will detect the rate of atoms being received.

Modern variants of this beam mechanism use optical pumping to transition all atoms to the same state rather than dumping half the atoms. Optical detection using scintillation can also be used.

The most common isotope for beam devices is caesium (¹³³Cs), but rubidium (⁸⁷Rb) and thallium (²⁰⁵Tl) are examples of others used in early research.

The frequency errors can be made very small for a beam device, or predicted (such as the magnetic field pull of the C-coil) in such a way that a high degree of repeatability and stability can be achieved. This is why an atomic beam can be used as a primary standard.

[edit] Atomic gas cell standard

The atomic gas cell standard builds on a confined reference isotope (often an alkali metal such as Rubidium (⁸⁷Rb)) inside an RF cavity. The atoms are excited to a common state using optical pumping; when the applied RF field is swept over the hyperfine spectrum, the gas will absorb the pumping light, and a photodetector provides the response. The absorption peak steers the fly-wheel oscillator.

A typical rubidium gas-cell uses a rubidium (⁸⁷Rb) lamp heated to 108-110 degrees Celsius, and an RF field to excite it to produce light, where the D1 and D2 lines are the significant wavelengths. An ⁸⁵Rb cell filters out the D1 line so that only the D2 line pumps the ⁸⁷Rb gas cell in the RF cavity.

Among the significant frequency pulling mechanisms inherent to the gas cell are wall-shift, buffer-gas shift, cavity-shift and light-shift. The wall-shift occurs as the gas bumps into the wall of the glass container. Wall-shift can be reduced by wall coating and compensation by buffer gas. The buffer gas shift comes from the reference atoms which bounce into buffer gas atoms such as neon and argon; these shifts can be both positive and negative. The cavity shift comes from the RF cavity, which can deform the resonance amplitude response; this depends upon cavity center frequency and resonator Q-value. Light-shift is an effect where frequency is pulled differently depending on the light intensity, which often is modulated by the temperature shift of the rubidium lamp and filter cell.

There are thus many factors in which temperature and aging can shift frequency over time, and this is why a gas cell standard is unfit for a primary standard, but can become a very inexpensive, low-power and small-size solution for a secondary standard or where better stability compared to crystal oscillators is needed, but not the full performance of a caesium beam standard. The rubidium gas standards have seen use in telecommunications systems and portable instruments.

[edit] Active maser standard

The active maser standard is a development from the atomic beam standard in which the observation time was incremented by using a bounce-box. By controlling the beam intensity spontaneous emission will provide sufficient energy to provide a continuous oscillation, which is being tapped and used as a reference for a fly-wheel oscillator.

The active maser is sensitive to wall-shift and cavity pulling. The wall-shift is mitigated by using PTFE coating (or other suitable coating) to reduce the effect. The cavity pulling effect can be reduced by automatic cavity tuning. In addition the magnetic field pulls the frequency.

While not being long-term stable as caesium beams, it remains one of the most stable sources available. The inherent pulling effects makes repeatability troublesome and does prohibits its use as being primary standard, but it makes an excellent secondary standard. It is used as low-noise fly-wheel standard for caesium beam standards.

[edit] Fountain standard

The fountain standard is a development from the beam standard where the beam has been folded back to itself such that the first and second RF field becomes the same RF cavity. A ball of atoms is laser cooled, which reduces black body temperature shifts. Phase errors between RF cavities are essentially removed. The length of the beam is longer than many beams, but the speed is also much slower such that the observation time becomes significantly longer and hence a higher Q value is achieved in the Ramsey fringes.

Caesium fountains has been implemented in many laboratories, but rubidium has even greater ability to provide stability in the fountain configuration.

[edit] Ion trap standard

The ion trap standard is a set of different approaches, but their common property is that an ionized atom is confined in a electrostatic field and cooled down. The hyperfine region of the available electron is then being tracked similar to that of a gas cell standard.

Ion traps have been used for numerous ions, where mercury ¹⁹⁹Hg⁺ was an early candidate.

[edit] Power consumption

This section requires expansion.

The power consumption of atomic clocks varies with their size.^{[citation needed]} One chip scale atomic clocks require power less than 75 mW; NIST-F1 uses power orders of magnitude greater.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Research

Most research focuses on the often conflicting goals of making the clocks smaller, cheaper, more accurate, and more reliable.

New technologies, such as femtosecond frequency combs, optical lattices and quantum information, have enabled prototypes of next generation atomic clocks. These clocks are based on optical rather than microwave transitions. A major obstacle to developing an optical clock is the difficulty of directly measuring optical frequencies. This problem has been solved with the development of self-referenced mode-locked lasers, commonly referred to as femtosecond frequency combs. Before the demonstration of the frequency comb in 2000, terahertz techniques were needed to bridge the gap between radio and optical frequencies, and the systems for doing so were cumbersome and complicated. With the refinement of the frequency comb these measurements have become much more accessible and numerous optical clock systems are now being developed around the world.

Like in the radio range, absorption spectroscopy is used to stabilize an oscillator—in this case a laser. When the optical frequency is divided down into a countable radio frequency using a femtosecond comb, the bandwidth of the phase noise is also divided by that factor. Although the bandwidth of laser phase noise is generally greater than stable microwave sources, after division it is less.

The two primary systems under consideration for use in optical frequency standards are single ions isolated in an ion trap and neutral atoms trapped in an optical lattice.^[15] These two techniques allow the atoms or ions to be highly isolated from external perturbations, thus producing an extremely stable frequency reference.

Optical clocks have already achieved better stability and lower systematic uncertainty than the best microwave clocks.^[15] This puts them in a position to replace the current standard for time, the caesium fountain clock.

Atomic systems under consideration include Al⁺, Hg^+/2+,^[15] Hg, Sr, Sr^+/2+, In^+/3+, Mg, Ca, Ca⁺, Yb^+/2+/3+ and Yb.

[edit] Quantum clocks

In March 2008, physicists at NIST described a quantum logic clock based on individual ions of beryllium and aluminium. This clock was compared to NIST’s mercury ion clock. These were the most accurate clocks that had been constructed, with neither clock gaining nor losing time at a rate that would exceed a second in over a billion years.^[16] In February 2010, NIST physicists described a second, enhanced version of the quantum logic clock based on individual ions of magnesium and aluminium. Considered the world’s most precise clock, it offers more than twice the precision of the original.^{[17] [18]}

[edit] Evaluated accuracy

In 2011, the NPL-CsF2 cesium fountain clock operated by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), which serves as the United Kingdom primary time and frequency standard, was improved regarding the two largest sources of measurement uncertainties — distributed cavity phase and microwave lensing frequency shifts. As of 2011 this resulted in an evaluated frequency uncertainty reduction from 4.1 x 10^-16[19] to 2.3 x 10^-16 — the lowest value for any primary national standard so far. At this frequency uncertainty the NPL-CsF2 is expected to neither gain nor lose a second in more than 138 million years.^[20][21][22]

[edit] Applications

The development of atomic clocks has led to many scientific and technological advances such as a worldwide system of precise position measurement (Global Positioning System), and applications in the Internet, which depend critically on frequency and time standards. Atomic clocks are installed at sites of time signal radio transmitters. They are used at some long wave and medium wave broadcasting stations to deliver a very precise carrier frequency.^{[citation needed]} Atomic clocks are used in many scientific disciplines, such as for long-baseline interferometry in radioastronomy.^[23]

[edit] Global Positioning System

The Global Positioning System (GPS) provides very accurate timing and frequency signals. A GPS receiver works by measuring the relative time delay of signals from a minimum of four, but usually more GPS satellites, each of which has four onboard caesium or rubidium atomic clocks. The relative times are mathematically transformed into three absolute spatial coordinates and one absolute time coordinate. The time is accurate to within about 50 nanoseconds. However, inexpensive GPS receivers may not assign a high priority to updating the display, so the displayed time may differ perceptibly from the internal time. Precision time references that use GPS are marketed for use in computer networks, laboratories, and cellular communications networks, and do maintain accuracy to within about 50ns.

[edit] Time signal radio transmitters

A radio clock is a clock that automatically synchronizes itself by means of government radio time signals received by a radio receiver. Many retailers market radio clocks inaccurately as atomic clocks; although the radio signals they receive originate from atomic clocks, they are not atomic clocks themselves. They are inexpensive time-keeping devices with an accuracy of about a second. Instrument grade time receivers provide higher accuracy. Such devices incur a transit delay of approximately 1 ms for every 300 kilometres (186 mi) of distance from the radio transmitter. Many governments operate transmitters for time-keeping purposes.

In America they took two atomic clock and lifted one 12 inches of the ground and the frequencies changed and slowed down on the clock that was lifted so this means that the clock was slowing down.

The further away from a gravity source the slower the clock gets an when in space and the clock has minimal gravity acting upon it the clock will then be in universal time this is a time frame that the universe run on.

At this time we have some idea of what that is but we cannot get far enough away from a gravity source to ge an accurate enough measurement so we have to go on assumptions

We Have covered globe time, navigation time, mechanical time and now we should cover biological time.

Biological time is how long a living unit lives and what rhythms of the synapses and the perspective of the living organism runs at, a hampster would run at a higher speed than a human, it’s heart rate is fater and it’s breading cycle is faster so it’s perspective on time would be faster.

Now a human being lives for 70 years on average not two  for the hamster and in mechanical time it is 220903000 seconds for the human being and for the hamster the mechanical time is 63115200 seconds so the hamster would see time as a speeding event not the slow progression of time we see it.

Now they say time speeds up the older you get and the perspective of time is the square route of your age.

So time speeds up as you get older and the days when you were young and they seemed to go on forever are long gone.

The Badger And Kazykitty

 

 

 

Thei sketch is called Ok

 

 

The Spread Hand

This one is called Index

 

 

This one is called Fist

This is my personal favorite Hand drawing Index

 

 

 

The Global Highway

The global high is it possible or is it just another pipe dream in politicians heads or can we get free trade across all countries through a massive road network and transport solution, this is a policy that is being looked into by the American and the E.U and also the Russians.

I am not talking about just another small motorway but a massive four laned highway each way that carries huge buses to the four continents of the globe. This would run through every country and would have a global speed limit not a local one.

 

 

 

 

 

This just an example of one of the buses that could run along this highway but instead of petrol engined vehicles they would hydrogen powered they would run on water not petrol.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This a fine example of an Australian Road Train these huge trucks move goods and livestock across the continent, if you could imagine a truck twice as long thundering across all continents carrying goods and livestock

 

All countries be reposibale for the up keep of this road not just the country it passed through and then it would be a thoroughly international concern 

 

This is not a personal transport solution but trade and tourist solution to move people and goods across the world without boarder controls, you could practically move good from the top of Scotland to any where in the world on huge road train powered by hydrogen electric power plants and all you need is water and salt, from Briton to the tip of south America, right through Europe across to china and down through Africa.

There are going to be problems to sort out and mini tyrants to put in there place but it will be a reality and it will come about, all that is needed is a bridge across the Barring Straights, this bridge is already design it just needs the will power and capital to move forward, there is a similar bridge across

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This a picture of the Confederation bridge in Canada and this would be the type of bridge they would use to cross the barring streights and this would complete the globlal highway. This bridge would not have foundation it would sit on the sea bed and the wheight would be the foundations for this huge constuction.

 

From the Badger & Crazykitty

 

 

 

This Artical was posted on Face Book and the aruthor asked people to share it

 

An incident occurred in a supermarket recently when the following was witnessed: A Muslim woman dressed in a Burkha (black gown & face mask) was standing with her shopping in a queue at the checkout. When it was her turn to be served , and as she reached the cashier, she made a loud remark about the British Flag lapel pin which the female cashier was wearing on her blouse. The cashier reached…….up and touched the pin and said, ‘Yes , I always wear it proudly. My son serves abroad with the forces and I wear it for him. The Muslim woman then asked the cashier when she was going to stop bombing and killing her countrymen explaining that she was Iraqi.

 

At that point an elderly gentleman standing in the queue stepped forward and interrupted with a calm, gentle voice, and said to the Iraqi woman: ‘Excuse me, but hundreds of thousands of British men and women, just like this lady’s son, have fought and sacrificed their lives so that people just like YOU can stand here in Britain, which is OUR country and allow you to blatantly accuse an innocent check-out cashier of bombing YOUR countrymen.

 

It is my belief that if you were allowed to be as outspoken as that in Iraq, which you claim to be YOUR country, then we wouldn’t need to be fighting there today. However, now that you have learned how to speak out and criticize the British people who have afforded you the protection of OUR country, I will gladly pay the cost of a ticket to help you pay your way back to Iraq. When you get there and if you manage to survive for being as outspoken as what you are here in Britain, then you should be able to help straighten out the mess which YOUR Iraqi countrymen have got you into in the first place, which appears to be the reason that you have come to OUR country to avoid’. Apparently, the queue cheered and applauded. IF YOU AGREE…. Pass this on to all of your proud British and other worldly friends…. I just did !!!! It’s nice to be important, but it’s more important to be nice. It’s also nice to be British!

 

The Badger & Crazykitty

There has been a new rules for compensation in England.

This is how it goes if you have a criminal record you cannot have compensation for any accident or something done to you which is against the law, so you get damaged in a hospital and end up with no compensation if you have a criminal record.

This is got to be against the law you are discriminating against a large group of people in the population.

Say if you have an accident and you are prosecuted for dangerous driving and then two years later you go to hospital and they make a mistake, you will get no compensation for any medical mistake.

This has got to be the most unfair rules ever put to paper.

Here how I see this and I think the government should take seriously when a person get injured he or she should not be committing a criminal act,  if you are committing a criminal act then you are putting your self in danger and other’s or you are intoxicated by drugs or alcohol.

So for a minor, this is not wiped from your record for seven years, and for more serious crimes this can mean a life time with out compensation, so how is this govenment going to equalize this out I done know but this has to be the worst piece bureaucracy I have the plesure to report.

What a load of old crap.

The Badger & Crazykitty

 

 

In the last couple of days I have read in the news papers of a certain gentleman who won a million pounds, this is not to say it is a bad thing but the background of this gentleman was a bit dubious.

So let have a look at the facts and these are the TV program he won his million on was called Black and Red and this program is some sort of game show it has a rulet wheel and segment on it are black and red and you go up in the money as you chose the right coloured segment, and this is a choice show rather then a question and answer show.

Now that’s good as it stands but the thing is they are saying the the above gentleman has been a wife beater, but the facts of the matter are that he won the million and they don’t like some like him winning, and my question to the producers and moralistic people who are slacking him down is this, if he won it fair and square they have no right to stop him collecting his winnings.

I do find that I get quite angry with people who take the moral high ground and don’t look at what they are doing, they think they have the right to slander and vilify other people and then try and make them do things they want them to do who the hell do they think they are?

We all have something in our past we don’t like and does this give anyone the right to have a go at us, No it does not.

I am not saying it is right to be a wife beater, what I am saying is that it is quite odious to me to be that type of person but I do say is these producers of these shows should just pay up and stop be the moral conscience of our society.

 

 

This a part post to why so why not come and read the full story

 

June had cleaned the lounge and finally managed to roll a
cigarette she was sat with a cup of coffee in front of her and was waiting for
Chrissie to turn up.

 

The she heard a knock on the door June went to answer the door
and as she opened it, standing there is a very pretty girl of about sixteen,
looking at her a voice from behind her says Ill pick you up when you have
finished here, the girl says no don’t do that Ill walk home Granddad.

 

Chrissie stood looking at her mother and sadness came into
her eyes, she had not seen her mother for six months and in that time the lack
of food and too much drink had aged June in a strange way, she has the body of
a teenaged girl but the face of a wrinkled and aged woman, her face was boney
and drawn and had dark rings around the eyes, when she smiles at Chrissie it’s
like a skin wrapped skeleton smiling at her, June invites Chrissie into the
house and she sits her down on the sofa.

 

June asks would like something to drink love,

 

Chrissie looks at her mother and says mum what going on you
look like hell, what have you done to yourself,

 

June stares at her daughter as though she had been slapped in
the face, in a high pitched voice she says “I have done nothing, that’s a fine
thing to say to your mum when you have not seen her for months on end”.

 

Chrissie kept her mother’s face in view and a tear rolls
down her face, her mother came over to her and gave her a cuddle and the smell
from her skin was quite revolting it was like cheap cider mixed with perfume,
the drink was oozing out of her, Chrissie clung to her mum as though this was
the last time she was going to see her, and she whispers in her mum’s ear
please mum give this up please.

June whispers back I cannot it is to hard.

The Word Evil

As a word it contains a lot of energy and passion, people
over the years have used this word to mean free speech or a different belief
systems or different doctrine to a main belief political or religious system or
a different way of living your life

The Definition of the
Word

Evil

Adjective Bad, Injurious, Mischievous, Worthless, Morally
Bad, Wicked, Calamitous, Agitated, Sorrowful, Unlucky, Producing Disastrous
Results, Malicious, Slanderous.

Adverb In An Evil Manner, Maliciously, Abusively, Harmfully,
Injuriously, Unfortunately, Cruelly,

Noun An Evil Thing, That Which Injures or Displeases

The above are some of the definition of the word evil, so
here we are in a catch twenty two situation of our own making.

Lets take an example, I pull a prank on a friend like put a
bucket of water over a half opened door and when they open it fully it falls on
them, I could be classed as evil because I caused the friend to be agitated and
sorrowful because I have wet his clothes, and he could be classed as evil
because of the sorrowfulness and the agitation.

It does not matter what we do in our daily lives we will be
evil and each step we take is a disaster to something, even or breathing kills
millions of bacteria in the air, so technically we are evil through and
through.

If you have any Ideas on this subject then please let me
know and don’t please come up with the old saying I did not know, it just don’t
cut the mustard.

Cruise Missile Pigeons

In the past we have not been very careful with the animals
we use in warfare, for instance the warhorse it used to be the tank of its day
and there for expendable along with the Cavalry gun used to cause horrific
wounds to these poor horses and the last cavalry charge was in the first world
war, we still use horses and mules as pack animals to get to impassable places.

Ship To Ship Pigeon
Guided Cruise Missile

How do we make a pigeon guided cruise missile? Let’s have a
look at the problems

Problem 1 pigeon’s follow the magnetic field around the
earth and landmarks to guide them self any ware.

You cannot grantee that the object you want to blow up is on
a magnetic flux line, and if the flux line changes the pigeon flies of in a different
direction from what you expect as the flux line change in strength and
magnitude, there are no landmarks at sea for the pigeon to recognize.

Problem 2 most pigeon that are bread in captivity are homing
pigeons?

You don’t want the pigeon coming back to the ship that has
just launched it; this would be a bit of an embarrassment and would defeat to
object of the launch in the first place.

No let have look at the missile it is usually fired below
the horizon so that the ship firing the missile cannot see the ship it is
firing at, the only reason the ship firing, knows the other ship is there is
because the radar is telling it, it is there.

Now let have a look how we could complete the task in hand,
first get your pigeon used to sitting on a perch strapped down by a harness and
get it used to the noise of the rocket motors so as it is not to stressed by
the enclosed space and noise as you simulate the condition within the capsule,
the speed and noise confined space the harness, you feed the pigeon in side the
capsule and get it used to it’s surroundings and get it used to the speed it
will be travelling because a pigeon flies at between 40 to 50 miles per hour
not over 300 mile per hour the poor old pigeon would be a bit fuzzy fling at
that speed and confused and the surrounding would go whizzing by.

So you have your pigeon used to speed and its surroundings,
now comes the bit when you want it to recognize your enemies ships, the fist
thing to do is to put a touch sensitive bubble canopy in front of the pigeon
and please remember that a pigeon can see all-round itself, so the pigeon has a
good field of vision and can see objects from a long way off.

So you place your pigeon in a simulator and get it to peck
at the touch sensitive screen this vireo a computer program alters the
trajectory of the missile.

How do we do that you keep your pigeon hungry and when a
ship appears and the pigeon moves it towards it, it get a little bit of food so
it associates the ship with food and the more to the middle of the ship it
points the missile the more food it get and so you have a very accurate missile
guidance system and all the silhouettes you use are of your enemies ship not
yours.

You can imagine the poor sailor stood to the watch and
waiting for the enemy to appear and all he sees is a cruise missile skimming
the wave straight towards him at over 300 MPH and it slams straight in to the
middle of the ship.

The U.S Navy had this system for a while I don’t know
whether it was used on active service or not but it would be intriguing to know
its full capability.

I first heard of this on a BBC program call Q.I. hosted by
Stephen Fry,

http://www.qi.com/ this is the Q.I web site if you are
interested in true facts.